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Let's GoEtymology
From Latin tenēre, present active infinitive of teneō (“to hold, to have”), from Proto-Italic *tenēō, stative from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, draw”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /teˈneɾ/, [t̪eˈneɾ]
Verb
tener (first-person singular present tengo, first-person singular preterite tuve, past participle tenido)
- (transitive, literally) to have, possess synonym ▲
- Ella tiene seis hermanos. ― She has six brothers.
- Tengo una pluma. ― I have a pen.
- Synonym: poseer
- (transitive) to have, possess, to be (a condition or quality)
- Usted tiene suerte. ― You are lucky. (literally, “You have luck.”)
- ¡Ten cuidado! ― Be careful! (literally, “Have care!”)
- ¿Quién tiene razón? ― Who is right? (literally, “Who has reason?”)
- Ese que ― Who is right?
- (transitive) to hold, grasp
- Ten esto. ― Hold this.
- (transitive) to contain, to hold (e.g. to “hold the power to”, “hold the key”, “hold a clue”, “hold the truth”, “have a hold on”, “hold in store”, “hold all the cards”, “hold in high regard”, etc.)
- Este tarro tiene las cenizas. ― This jar contains the ashes.
- El estadio es enorme. Puede tener una capacidad de hasta cien mil espectadores.
- The stadium is huge. It can hold up to one hundred thousand spectators.
- Solía pensar que ese libro tenía todas las respuestas.
- I used to think that book held all the answers.
- (transitive) to have, feel (internally)
- Él le tiene mucho cariño a ella. ― He has much admiration for her.
- Tengo frío. ― I feel cold.
- Tenemos hambre. ― We are hungry. (literally, “We have hunger.”)
- (transitive) to make to feel
- Eso nos tiene tristes. ― That makes us sad.
- (transitive) to have (a measure or age)
- Tiene tres metros de ancho. ― It is three metres wide. (literally, “It has three metres of width.”)
- Tengo veinte años. ― I am twenty years (old). (literally, “I have twenty years.”)
- (used with que) to have to
- Tengo que salir ahora. ― I have to leave now.
- to get (e.g. to get a minute, to get an idea, to get a chance, to get a concussion/bruise/headache, to get in an accident, to get a place, to get a view of, to get a meeting, to get a vision, etc.)
- Ese cadete necesita tenerlo bajo control. ― That cadet needs to get it under control.
- to keep, to bear (in certain phrases; e.g. to bear in mind, bear a resemblance, keep a journal/diary, keep around something or someone)
- Ten en cuenta que es más difícil de volver a subir al cañón que descenderlo.
- Keep in mind that it’s more difficult to go back up the canyon than to go down it.
- Pronto voy a comprobar sus billetes, así que ténganlos a manos.
- I will soon be checking your tickets, so keep them handy.
- Ella tuvo diez hijos, todos partos naturales. ― She bore ten children, all natural births.
- to make (in a few select phrases)
- Ahora todo tiene sentido. ― Now everything makes sense.
- (reflexive) to be taken (usually has deber for an auxiliary verb when used)
Usage notes
Tener does not use the personal “a”.
In the sense (to feel): tener is often used with nouns like calor (“heat”), frío (“cold”), hambre (“hunger”), sed (“thirst”), to indicate states; English would use adjectives instead
- Tengo hambre ― I’m hungry (literally, “I have hunger”)
- Tengo miedo ― I’m scared (literally, “I have fear”)